Archaeological excavations were conducted inside and around the Sohar Fortress between 1982 and 1989, and a settlement dating back to the pre-Islamic period was found to rise about 1.80 m above sea level. The archaeological remains discovered in the settlement what indicates to that Sohar was a prominent commercial center, where trade seals and well-made red pottery were imported from India in the 2nd and 3rd centuries AD were found, as well as the black porcelain imported from China. Sohar reached the height of its prosperity within the Islamic Period (4th century AH, 10th AD).
The trade between the State of Sohar and the neighboring countries continued until the middle of the thirteenth century AD, where a good collection of imported porcelain from India, China, Iran and Iraq was found. In the fifteenth century AD, the state witnessed a period of commercial decay, and this was evident through the stratigraphy of the fossil. One of the most important examples is a glass cut, a broken porcelain, a Buddha ceramic statue on a Dragon-like animal, and a small pottery pitcher with sulfur used as hand bombs.